Access instructions
Categories | Solutions | |
Journal article with DOI | Format |
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page number. doi |
Example |
Cadigan, R. O., Stevenson, D. G., Caudry, D. J., & Grabowski, D. C. (2015). Private investment purchase and nursing home financial health. Health Services Research, 50(1), 180-196. doi:10.1111/1475-6773.12212 |
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Journal article without DOI |
Format |
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page number. Retrieved from URL |
Example |
Purnell, M., Walsh, S., & Milone, M. (2004). Oncology nursing education: Teaching strategies that work. Nursing Education Perspectives, 25(6), 304-308. Retrieved from http://www.nlnjournal.org/ |
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Journal article with more than seven authors |
Format |
List the first six authors' names, add an ellipsis, then list the last author's name. (Publication Year). Article title. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page number. doi |
Example |
McDonald, A., Frazer, K., Duignan, C., Healy, M., Irving, A., Marteinsson, P., . . . McNicholas, E. (2015). Validating the ‘Intervention Wheel’ in the context of Irish public health nursing. British Journal of Community Nursing, 20(3), 140-145. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2015.20.3.140 |
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Advanced Online Publication |
Format |
Author’s Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Article title. Journal Title. Omit missing information and add Advance Online Publication before the DOI or URL. |
Example |
Hall, E., Lee, S. Y., Clark, P. C., & Perilla, J. (2014). Social ecology of adherence to hypertension treatment in Latino migrant and seasonal farmworkers. Journal of Transcultural Nursing. Advance online publication. doi: |
See page 198-202 of the manual and the APA Style Blog post on Advance Online Publications for more information.
General Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of book: Use capital letter for the first word for subtitle. Location: Publisher. |
Categories | Solutions | |
A print book with one author |
Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of book: Use capital letter for the first word for subtitle. Location: Publisher. |
Example |
Johnson, P. (2003). Art: A new history. New York, NY: HarperCollins. |
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A print book with more than one author |
Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of book: Use capital letter for the first word for subtitle. Location: Publisher. |
Example |
Kamruzzaman, J., Begg, R., & Sarker, R. A. (2006). Artificial neural networks in finance and manufacturing. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Pub. |
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Electronic Book | Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of book. Retrieved from URL |
Example |
Lenarz, T., & Wriggers, P. (2014). Biomedical Technology. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com |
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Volume book | Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of book (Volume Number). Location: Publisher. |
Example |
De Certeau, M., Giard, L., Mayol, P., & Tomasik, T. J. (1998). The practice of everyday life: Living and cooking (Vol. 2). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. |
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Book chapter from an edited book | Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of chapter. In Author's First Initial. Middle initial. Last Name (Eds.), Title of book (page number/s). Location: Publisher. |
Example |
Elkana, Y. (1975). The problem of knowledge. In Weiss, P. A. (Eds.), Knowledge in search of understanding: The Frensham papers (pp.91-104). NY: Futura Publishing Company, Inc.. |
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Dictionary entry or encyclopedia article | Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year). Title of entry. In Editor First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of reference work (Vol. #, pp. #).Location: Publisher. |
Example |
Musket. (2003). In The new encyclopedia britannica (Vol. 8, pp. 449). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.. |
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Entire edited book | Format |
Editor's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial (Ed.). (Publication Year). Title of book.Location: Publication. |
Example |
Oates, J. C. (Ed.). (1992). The Oxford book of American short stories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. |
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Translated book | Format |
Author Last Name, First Initial. (Publication Year). Title of the book. (First Initial, Last name of the translator, Trans.). Location: Publisher. (Provide original work published year if it is available in the parentheses) |
Example |
Zarraluki, P. (2014). The history of silence. (N. Caistor & L.García, Trans.). Madrid, Spain: Hispabooks. |
Categories | Solutions | |
Webpage*
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Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial., & Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Publication Year, Month and Day). Title of document. Retrieved from URL |
Example |
Monteverde, M. (2011, October). Budgeting and money management. Retrieved from http://rosenpub.net/articles/budgeting.html |
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Blog | Format |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Publication Year, Month and Day). Title [Format]. Retrieved from URL |
Example |
Aguilar, E. (2015, May 17). Inside the mind of this coach: What was I thinking?! [Blog Post]. Retrieved from http://blogs.edweek.org/teachers/coaching_teachers/2015/05/inside_the_mind_of_this_coach_.htm |
MORE ON AUTHOR: The author may be an institutional author; this is very common for webpages. In the case of an institutional author, cite the full institutional name in the author name place (examples below).
EXAMPLES:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Adolescent health.Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/adolescenthealth/index.htm
World Health Organization. (2015). Physical activity. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/
Federal Statutes (USC, Pub L., Stat):
In-Text Citation: Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974
If a formal name of the law is not available (e.g., there is only a U.S. Code citation), some authors include the legal citation in the text only, e.g.:18 U.S.C. § 2258, and exclude it from the References list.
APA prefers the law be identified by name and entered into the References list whenever possible.
You can get the § symbol by typing ALT 0167
References List Format 1 (Name of law with US Code citation only):
Name of law, title # U.S.C. § section #.
Example Entry:
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, 42 USC §§5101–5106.
References List Format 2 (with Public Law and/or Statutes at Large information):
Name of law, Pub. L. ##-##, volume Stat. page, codified as amended at title U.S.C. § section #.
Example Entry:
Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-247, 88 Stat. 4, codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. §§5101–5106.
More information is available on the APA Blog
When writing a paper using APA style, be sure to use the following formatting guidelines:
Fonts: The preferred font of APA is Times New Roman 12 pt.
Margins: Margins should be 1 inch on all sides.
Page Numbers: Page numbers should be placed in the document header, flush right.
Spacing: The entire document should be double-spaced.
Page Breaks: There should be page breaks (i.e., start a new page) at the Introduction and the References.
Justification: All paragraphs should be indented at 0.5". Keep the body of paragraphs flush left and the right margin uneven/ragged.
Create your own content based on the "Help" guidelines.